Electrification in industrial revolution 4.0

The Industrial Revolution in Miniature

This paper uses the adoption and invention of the spinning jenny as a test case to understand why the industrial revolution occurred in Britain in the eighteenth century rather than in France or India. It is shown that wages were much higher relative to capital prices in Britain than in other countries. Calculation of the profitability of adopting the spinning jenny shows that it was profitable...

The New Industrial Revolution

The New Industrial Revolution

This article outlines a new framework for understanding the current period of global restructuring, focusing on the relationship between technological change and organizational change. After reviewing the major approaches in the debate over future pathways to industrialization, a new perspective for understanding the ‘new industrial revolution’ is presented. At the core of this revolution is th...

The British Industrial Revolution

The Fourth Industrial Revolution